9 cis retinoic acid 9cra  (MedChemExpress)

Journal: Toxicology

Article Title: Effects of all- trans and 9- cis retinoic acid on differentiating human neural stem cells in vitro

doi: 10.1016/j.tox.2023.153461

Figure Lengend Snippet: Relative gene expression upon exposure to retinoids for 9 d (DIV13, a) or 18 d (DIV22, b). Data are normalized to the time-matched solvent control (i.e., DIV13 or DIV22); median log 2 -fold gene expression changes are displayed. Fold-change ratios are scalar color-coded between ± 3-fold change, changes > 3 (or, in the case of thyroid hormone signalling on DIV22 < −3) are shown in dark red. Detailed bar-chart representation of gene expression changes is provided in ; gene symbol abbreviations are explained in , . atRA: all-trans retinoic acid, 9cRA: 9-cis retinoic acid, TH: thyroid hormone. n ≥ 3. * p < 0.05, * * p < 0.01, * ** p < 0.001, # p < 0.0001.

Article Snippet: Non-cytotoxic concentrations (8, 40, 200, 1000 nM) of two retinoids, atRA (cat. no. R250200, Toronto Research Chemicals, Toronto, ON, Canada), and 9cRA (cat. no. R245015, Toronto Research Chemicals, Toronto, ON, Canada) were used alongside two negative controls (“non-differentiated” cells kept in NSC maintenance medium containing bFGF and “naïve”/non-treated cells cultured in naïve medium) and a growth factor-induced differentiation-positive control (“differentiated”; cultured in naïve medium supplemented with BDNF and GDNF; see also , ).

Techniques: Expressing, Solvent, Control

Journal: Toxicology

Article Title: Effects of all- trans and 9- cis retinoic acid on differentiating human neural stem cells in vitro

doi: 10.1016/j.tox.2023.153461

Figure Lengend Snippet: Relative gene expression of selected markers upon exposure to retinoids for 18 d (DIV22). a-c: Markers of retinoic acid signaling, d: neural stem cell marker, e: marker of (mature) neurons, f: early glial marker. Data are normalized to the time-matched solvent control (i.e., DIV22); log 2 fold gene expression changes are displayed. Further studied genes and their relative expression, as well as the expression of selected genes on DIV13, are listed in . atRA: all-trans retinoic acid, 9cRA: 9-cis retinoic acid, DIV4: non-differentiated sample collected on DIV4 before exposure commenced, diff: time-matched sample differentiated by growth factors BDNF and GDNF, SC: solvent control (0.004% methanol). Mean ± SEM; n ≥ 3. * p < 0.05, * * p < 0.01, * ** p < 0.001, # p < 0.0001.

Article Snippet: Non-cytotoxic concentrations (8, 40, 200, 1000 nM) of two retinoids, atRA (cat. no. R250200, Toronto Research Chemicals, Toronto, ON, Canada), and 9cRA (cat. no. R245015, Toronto Research Chemicals, Toronto, ON, Canada) were used alongside two negative controls (“non-differentiated” cells kept in NSC maintenance medium containing bFGF and “naïve”/non-treated cells cultured in naïve medium) and a growth factor-induced differentiation-positive control (“differentiated”; cultured in naïve medium supplemented with BDNF and GDNF; see also , ).

Techniques: Expressing, Marker, Solvent, Control

Journal: Toxicology

Article Title: Effects of all- trans and 9- cis retinoic acid on differentiating human neural stem cells in vitro

doi: 10.1016/j.tox.2023.153461

Figure Lengend Snippet: Western blot detection and relative quantification of neurodifferentiation biomarkers upon exposure to retinoids for 18 d (DIV22). Data represent log 2 fold-change values relative to time-matched solvent control (SC). Housekeeping protein β actin was used for normalization (not shown). a) marker for NSCs, b) early neural marker, c) marker of dopaminergic neurons (TH = tyrosine hydroxylase), d) early astroglial marker, e) marker of astrocytes. Further studied proteins, their relative intensity, as well as the detection of selected markers on DIV13, are listed in . Further information on the studied markers and the respective antibodies and dilutions used are listed in . DIV4: non-differentiated sample collected on DIV4 before exposure commenced, diff: time-matched sample differentiated by growth factors BDNF and GDNF, atRA: all-trans retinoic acid, 9cRA: 9-cis retinoic acid, TH: tyrosine hydroxylase. * p < 0.05, * * p < 0.01, # p < 0.0001.

Article Snippet: Non-cytotoxic concentrations (8, 40, 200, 1000 nM) of two retinoids, atRA (cat. no. R250200, Toronto Research Chemicals, Toronto, ON, Canada), and 9cRA (cat. no. R245015, Toronto Research Chemicals, Toronto, ON, Canada) were used alongside two negative controls (“non-differentiated” cells kept in NSC maintenance medium containing bFGF and “naïve”/non-treated cells cultured in naïve medium) and a growth factor-induced differentiation-positive control (“differentiated”; cultured in naïve medium supplemented with BDNF and GDNF; see also , ).

Techniques: Western Blot, Solvent, Control, Marker

Journal: Toxicology

Article Title: Effects of all- trans and 9- cis retinoic acid on differentiating human neural stem cells in vitro

doi: 10.1016/j.tox.2023.153461

Figure Lengend Snippet: Proteomics analysis of neural protein markers determined upon exposure to retinoids for 18 d (DIV22). Protein abundance was normalized to the abundance of the housekeeping protein β actin. Further studied proteins, their relative abundance, and their detection on DIV13 are listed in ; protein quantities are given in . atRA: all-trans retinoic acid, 9cRA: 9-cis retinoic acid, DIV4: non-differentiated sample collected on DIV4 before exposure commenced, diff: time-matched sample differentiated by growth factors BDNF and GDNF, SC: solvent control (0.004% methanol). n ≥ 3, * p < 0.05, * * p < 0.01, * ** p < 0.001, # p < 0.0001.

Article Snippet: Non-cytotoxic concentrations (8, 40, 200, 1000 nM) of two retinoids, atRA (cat. no. R250200, Toronto Research Chemicals, Toronto, ON, Canada), and 9cRA (cat. no. R245015, Toronto Research Chemicals, Toronto, ON, Canada) were used alongside two negative controls (“non-differentiated” cells kept in NSC maintenance medium containing bFGF and “naïve”/non-treated cells cultured in naïve medium) and a growth factor-induced differentiation-positive control (“differentiated”; cultured in naïve medium supplemented with BDNF and GDNF; see also , ).

Techniques: Solvent, Control

Journal: Toxicology

Article Title: Effects of all- trans and 9- cis retinoic acid on differentiating human neural stem cells in vitro

doi: 10.1016/j.tox.2023.153461

Figure Lengend Snippet: Immunofluorescence staining of differentiating H9 NSCs at DIV22. Composite overview of RA concentration response effects and controls on network patterning visualized by IFL; representative image. Red: synaptophysin (SYP; synapses), green: βIII tubulin (TUJ1; neurons), blue: nuclei. The scale bar in subfigure a corresponds to 1000 µm. The edge length of inset detailed image sections corresponds to 400 µm. One representative image of 3 independent experiments and staining in duplicates is shown. Exemplary images of other biomarkers detected by IFL are listed in . atRA: all-trans retinoic acid, 9cRA: 9-cis retinoic acid.

Article Snippet: Non-cytotoxic concentrations (8, 40, 200, 1000 nM) of two retinoids, atRA (cat. no. R250200, Toronto Research Chemicals, Toronto, ON, Canada), and 9cRA (cat. no. R245015, Toronto Research Chemicals, Toronto, ON, Canada) were used alongside two negative controls (“non-differentiated” cells kept in NSC maintenance medium containing bFGF and “naïve”/non-treated cells cultured in naïve medium) and a growth factor-induced differentiation-positive control (“differentiated”; cultured in naïve medium supplemented with BDNF and GDNF; see also , ).

Techniques: Immunofluorescence, Staining, Concentration Assay

Journal: Cell Stem Cell

Article Title: Metformin Restores CNS Remyelination Capacity by Rejuvenating Aged Stem Cells

doi: 10.1016/j.stem.2019.08.015

Figure Lengend Snippet:

Article Snippet: For differentiation assays the medium was in some instances supplemented with 40ng/ml thyroid-hormone (T3, Sigma), 50nM 9- cis retinoic acid (9cRA, Sigma), 1μM miconazole (Sigma, M3512) or 1.5μM benztropine (Sigma, SML0847).

Techniques: Marker, Recombinant, Isolation, Lysis, Luminescence Assay, In Vitro, Plasmid Preparation, Software

Journal: Structure (London, England : 1993)

Article Title: Synergistic regulation of coregulator/nuclear receptor interaction by ligand and DNA

doi: 10.1016/j.str.2017.07.019

Figure Lengend Snippet: Differential HDX-MS analysis of full-length PPARγ-RXRα, plotted on (A–C) a “compact” crystallized (PDB 3DZY) and (D–F) “elongated” solution conformation: (A,D) ± receptor-specific ligands (9cRA and Rosi); (B,E) bound to ligands ± SRC-2 RID; and (C,F) bound to ligand and SRC-2 RID ± SULT2A1 DNA. 9cRA and Rosi shown as peach and purple spheres, respectively; DNA and SRC-2 NR box 2 coactivator peptides from the crystal structure are shown in black. Red arrows (C,F) denote a DNA-induced conformational change via (C) the RXRα DBD/PPARγ LBD interaction surface or (F) a long-range allosteric conformational change. (G,H) Deuterium uptake plots for peptides affected by DNA binding in the (G) RXRα DBD and (H) PPARγ LBD. Data represent the mean and s.d. of three experimental replicates.

Article Snippet: Rosiglitazone (Rosi) and 9- cis -retinoic acid (9cRA) were purchased from commercial sources (Sigma and Cayman) and prepared as 20 mM stocks in DMSO- d 6 .

Techniques: Binding Assay

Journal: Structure (London, England : 1993)

Article Title: Synergistic regulation of coregulator/nuclear receptor interaction by ligand and DNA

doi: 10.1016/j.str.2017.07.019

Figure Lengend Snippet: Schematic illustrations summarizing the data presented in this study related to the (A) compact crystalized conformation and (B) elongated solution conformation. SRC-2 RID NR box 2 motif binds with highest affinity (dark red arrows) and is more significantly influenced by the RXRα agonist 9cRA (dark blue arrows) than the PPARγ agonist Rosi. DNA binding influences the conformation of PPARγ-RXRα (black arrows), SRC-2 RID affinity, and ligand potency.

Article Snippet: Rosiglitazone (Rosi) and 9- cis -retinoic acid (9cRA) were purchased from commercial sources (Sigma and Cayman) and prepared as 20 mM stocks in DMSO- d 6 .

Techniques: Binding Assay